Japan has unveiled its first quantum computer, developed entirely with domestic components, at Osaka University. The system runs on OQTOPUS software and was presented to visitors at an event leading up to Expo 2025.
Japan has launched its first quantum computer designed and manufactured entirely with domestically developed components. The system is now ready for operation at the Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB) at Osaka University. University officials also announced that the computer will run on the open-source software “Open Quantum Toolchain for Operators and Users” (OQTOPUS), also developed in Japan.
The quantum computer uses a quantum chip containing superconducting qubits (quantum bits). These qubits are made from metals whose electrical resistance drops to zero when cooled to temperatures near absolute zero (-273.15 °C).
- The Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) was developed by the Japanese research institute RIKEN.
- The main body includes the chip package, magnetic shield, infrared and band-pass filters, low-noise amplifier, and various cables supplied by Seiken.
All components are housed in a dilution refrigerator, a special cryogenic device. The system is also supported by a pulse tube refrigerator, controllers, and a low-noise power supply.
OQTOPUS: Open-Source Quantum Toolchain
OQTOPUS is an open-source toolset designed for running quantum programs. It includes a core engine, a cloud module, and graphical user interface (GUI) components. The system is developed to be built upon the QPU and quantum control hardware.
Quantum computers have the potential to enable next-generation computations, surpassing even the most powerful supercomputers. This technology can be used in many fields, such as:
- Drug discovery
- Optimization of traffic flow
- Planning of logistics routes
Unlike classical computers, quantum computers can perform calculations in parallel by leveraging the laws of quantum mechanics. However, adding more qubits to the systems poses a significant challenge due to high error rates. Therefore, current research is largely focused on quantum error correction (QEC).
Japan’s first quantum computer was introduced at an Expo 2025 promotional event held in Osaka. Visitors were able to remotely access the system via the cloud to run basic quantum programs. The exhibition also featured interactive sections for experiencing quantum entanglement and other quantum phenomena.
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